When the body becomes too alkaline, or experiences alkalosis, it disrupts the delicate balance of pH levels, which can have significant effects on overall health and well-being. pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, with a pH of 7 considered neutral, below 7 acidic, and above 7 alkaline. While the body has mechanisms to regulate pH levels, prolonged alkalinity can lead to various health problems. Here’s what happens to the body when it becomes alkaline:
1. Muscle Function: Alkalosis can affect muscle function and performance. Excessive alkalinity interferes with the balance of electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation. This can lead to muscle cramps, weakness, tremors, and even tetany, a condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions. (Source: Emmett, M. (2010). Acid-Base Balance. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(1), 77–85.)
2. Respiratory System: Alkalosis can disrupt respiratory function. Respiratory alkalosis, caused by hyperventilation or excessive loss of carbon dioxide, leads to a decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, and tingling or numbness in the extremities. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure. (Source: Batlle, D., & Chin-Theodorou, J. (2019). Respiratory Alkalosis. In StatPearls [Internet].)
3. Electrolyte Imbalance: Alkalosis can disrupt the balance of electrolytes in the body. Alkalosis increases the excretion of potassium and calcium through the urine, leading to electrolyte imbalances. This can affect nerve function, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm, potentially leading to cardiac arrhythmias and other complications. (Source: Alappan, R., & Bracamonte, J. D. (2021). Hypokalemic Alkalosis. In StatPearls [Internet].)
4. Cognitive Function: Alkalosis can impact cognitive function and mental well-being. Changes in pH levels affect neurotransmitter activity and brain function. Alkalosis may cause symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and seizures. Severe alkalosis can lead to cerebral vasoconstriction and reduced cerebral blood flow, further impairing cognitive function. (Source: Epstein, M. (2016). Alkalosis. In S. G. Potts & L. L. Potts (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease.)
5. Cardiovascular Health: Alkalosis can affect cardiovascular function. Alkalosis may lead to increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and changes in cardiac output. It can also cause changes in blood electrolyte levels, such as hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, which can affect heart rhythm and increase the risk of arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. (Source: Cohen, R. M., & Woods, H. F. (2001). Alkalosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(1), 55–65.)
6. Digestive System: Alkalosis can impact digestive function. It may lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Alkalosis can also affect the secretion of digestive enzymes and impair nutrient absorption. (Source: McSherry, E., Morris, R. C., & Baretz, B. H. (1971). Components of the total body bicarbonate pool and the distribution of the exogenous bicarbonate load in normal man. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50(4), 803–813.)
In conclusion, when the body becomes too alkaline, it can lead to a range of health problems affecting various systems and functions. Maintaining a balanced pH is essential for overall health and well-being. If you suspect that you have issues with alkalinity or alkalosis, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
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